Wapella is a small town of approximately 400 people in the northern part of our watershed. Its main attractions include the local golf course, a dam stocked for fishing and the annual “Dodge City” Rodeo which takes place Thanksgiving weekend. Wapella recently underwent construction on its water treatment plant in order to meet water quality regulations to reduce uranium, iron and manganese in the water. This included an expansion on the reservoir, replacement of the pressure filters and distribution pumps as well as the addition of two exchange pressure filters. Moosomin is one of the larger towns in our watershed, and was founded in 1882 with the arrival of the Canadian Pacific Railway. It is known as the first Saskatchewan community on “steel” and after two years of businesses becoming established it was declared as a town in 1884. Between 1960 and the early 70’s Moosomin saw significant growth due to the Potash Mine located 22 miles to the north in the vicinity of Rocanville. Moosomin has just undergone a rehabilitation project involving the water tower and how water is supplied to the town. A system of pipes brings water to the town from wells located next to Moosomin Lake. While in the past water pressure has been supplied to the town through gravity from the water tower, the new installation of variable speed pipes allows water to now be pumped from underground reservoirs located next to the water treatment plant. Fleming is, by population, the smallest town in Saskatchewan with only 83 residents. It was home to the oldest remaining grain elevator in Canada (established in 1895) until it tragically burned down. It also hosts one of the oldest ball parks in Saskatchewan, built in the early 1900’s, home to the fastball team The Fleming Jets. In 1954, Fleming was shown on the back of the Canadian one dollar bill. Water for the town is sourced from an out of town well. The village of Fairlight is located along the Canadian National Railway with a population of 40. A new water treatment plant and reservoir were constructed in October of 99, which continues to supply the town today. The village of Maryfield is located at the junction point of the Canadian National Railway between the main line heading northwest towards Regina and branch line heading southwest toward Carlyle. It is also the site of the first cross border transfer of treated water. Maryfield had struggled with high uranium levels from its well water so when propositioned with this idea they jumped at it. Water is transferred from Kola,MB using eight inch diameter pipeline. In line variable-speed pumps were also installed due to the gradient from Kola to Maryfield as well as to insure proper pressure levels. This pipeline is approximately 20 km long. The village of Manor has a population of approximately 300 people. One of its main attractions as the Manor Museum that is a designated Municipal Heritage Property. The towns water is supplied from an out of town well. Redvers is the location of the Lower Souris Watershed Committee office, and is the first town along the “Red Coat Trail” (Highway 13) when coming from Manitoba. The town was named after General Sir Redvers Buller in 1897 and incorporated in 1904. Like most towns in the area, its economy is based on farming, oil drilling and various other services. Redvers gets its water from a deep water reservoir, and is processed through reverse osmosis. It is stored in a 100 000 gallon water reservoir, with another 60 000 able to be stored in the water tower making for a total reserve of 160 000 gallons. Storthoaks is a small village with a population of 93 people as of the 2011 census. Water for the village is sourced from an out of town well and then piped throughout. Gainsborough is a small farming community along Highway 18 and is the corner most community in Saskatchewan. It was originally named Antler in 1884 but was renamed to its current in 1885. Water is supplied to homes from individual wells, and residents are responsible for testing their own water. Pipestone Creek drains an entire area of 1340km2. It is a low gradient stream which meanders through the Pipestone spillway, eventually ending up in Manitoba and the Souris River System. Pipestone creek is a very important water source for many communities and farms in the surrounding areas, as well as inhabiting a number of game fish, waterfowl and deer species.
The average annual precipitation for the Pipestone Creek Planning Unit varies from about
415 millimeters near Broadview to about 460 millimeters at Kipling to about 510 millimeters at
Moosomin (Environment Canada). Only 2.4 percent of the precipitation flows out of the basin
as surface water under natural conditions. Over the past four decades, stream flows of Pipestone Creek have been monitored by Environment Canada at three different locations and for different time periods
The Moosomin Reservoir is one of 33 projects owned and operated by the PFRA, and was originally built as a way to provide water conservation. Since then, it has expanded to include irrigation, water supply, recreation and to provide supplementary riparian flows. It is about 10 km long and at its widest point it is approximately half a kilometer wide. The reservoir has average and maximum depths of 4.7 and 7.9 meters respectively. Moosomin Reservoir is supplied by three main waterways; Pipestone Creek, Little Pipestone Creek, and Montgomery Creek. Pipestone Creek rises south of Grenfell, while the other two tributaries begin at the northern facing slope of the Moose Mountain Hills. The dam is located on the Pipestone Creek just downstream of the confluence of the Pipestone and Little Pipestone Creeks, about 28 kilometers upstream of the Saskatchewan – Manitoba border. Moosomin Reservoir has a storage capacity of about 11,155 dam3 at its full supply level and a dead storage volume of about 311 dam3 Kipling Marsh is a wetland located north west of the town of Kipling. Originally only covering 2500 acres, the marsh has been found to cover near 10 000 acres when the water table is high. In 2011, a seven mile long drainage ditch was installed, allowing overflow to flow onto Pipestone Creek. As well, a pump house has been installed that elevates and drains an area of land that the ditch itself would not drain. Stony, Jackson, Graham and Gainsborough Creek, referred to as “The Four Creeks”, are classified as intermittent water courses, which means there is typically flow during spring snow melt followed by zero or near-zero flows through the late spring, summer, fall and winter, interrupted occasionally by runoff in the event of a very high rainfall event. The average overflow for Jackson, Graham, and Gainsborough Creeks is 4.4 mm, 6.4 mm, and 6.5 mm respectively. This compares with average annual precipitation of 460 mm to 490 mm. Antler River has an average annual precipitation of around 430 mm at Carlyle to about 525 mm at Carnduff. Only a small percentage of the received precipitation may recharge groundwater systems; the vast majority of the water is returned to the atmosphere either through evaporation from wetlands and the ground surface, or through transpiration from plants. The largest single water demand on the Antler River is the obligation under the 1969 Master Agreement on Apportionment for Saskatchewan to provide to Manitoba 50 percent of the natural flow of the creek at the Saskatchewan-Manitoba boundary. Currently, Environment Canada has one hydrometric station operating on Lightning creek, a tributary, and two stations on the Antler River in Saskatchewan. Cannington Manor Provincial Park recreates the exciting period of history on the original village site, which was established in 1882 by Captain Edward Michell Pierce. A failed Englishman who had moved to Canada in an attempt to regain his fortune. Pierce created an agriculture college in the hopes of teaching other English men how to farm. By 1900, the village of Cannington Manor had been abandoned. Today, original artifacts and reconstructed buildings allow costumed staff to bring Cannington Manor to life and show a glimpse of what ifs was like during this unique lifestyle.Wapella
Moosomin
Fleming
Fairlight
Maryfield
Manor
Redvers
Storthoaks
Gainsborough
Pipestone Creek
Moosomin Reservoir
Kipling Marsh
The Four Creeks
Antler River
Cannington Manor
REFERENCES
http://www.aquatax.ca/Pipestone.html
“Aquatic Macroinvertebrate Biodiversity of Pipestone Creek in Saskatchewan.” Pipestone Creek Saskatchewan. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 June 2016.
http://www.world-spectator.com/archived-news.php
“Archived News.” The World-Spectator.N.p., n.d. Web. 10 June 2016.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carievale,_Saskatchewan
“Carievale, Saskatchewan.” Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, n.d. Web. 10 June 2016.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fleming,_Saskatchewan
Fleming, Saskatchewan. (n.d.). Retrieved June 10, 2016, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fleming,_Saskatchewan
“Maryfield Residents Give to Support Water Pipeline.” Carlyle Observer. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 June 2016.
http://www.maryfieldsaskatchewan.com/Profile.html
“Profile.” Profile. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 June 2016
http://roadsidethoughts.com/sk/storthoaks-nearby.htm
“Storthoaks (Saskatchewan): Around the Neighborhood.” RoadsideThoughts. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 June 2016.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redvers
“Redvers.” Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, n.d. Web. 10 June 2016.
Town of Wapella. (n.d.). Retrieved June 10, 2016, from http://www.townofwapella.com/
http://www.lowersourisriverwatershed.com/files/LSRW_Source_Water_Protection_Plan.pdf